Family Is Transmuting And Has Always Being Transmuting

Family is transmuting and has always being transmuting. Since world war two the amount of diverse families has grown over time. As early as the 1950’s the family has rapidly transmuted, some verbalize for the better and other verbally express for the worse but indubitably we can identify distinctions between now and recent years, like things such as immigration and values. Other issues such as the invention the pill, (birth control), sanctioning both men and women to file for divorce without having to prove adultery, (which was needed to be done afore), and religion not playing such a consequential part in peoples lives denoted that vicissitudes in the family structure became more acceptable in society. Before diverse families were on the rise during the ‘changing period’, following the norms of society it was â€Å"proper† and â€Å"right† to be a component of a nuclear family. The nuclear families in the past was a father financially fortifying the family and the mother, who had to be espoused, looking after their children and their home, and this nuclear family provided all the compulsory factors needed in life which is how functionalists argued. However, overtime more family structures have developed and become a component of society. Reconstituted (when a couple who have been anteriorly espoused with children converge and get espoused to compose another family), and lone parent families are becoming more prevalent, gay and lesbian families are becoming more acceptable in today’sShow MoreRelatedContributions of Famous Scientists to Chemistry Essay example856 Words   |  4 Pages Chemistry is a branch of science that has been around for a long time. Chemistry is dated back as far as prehistoric times. Chemistry has been around for so long that scientist have put it in 4 general chronological categories. 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This disease is also known as Manic Depression or Manic Depressive Disorder. â€Å"This disease was found over 100 years ago by Emil Kraeplin who characterized this disease as, â€Å"Manic-Depression Insanity†,† (WebMD). Bipolar disorder happens in both genders, but befalls mostly in females. Within the psych ological disorder, it is different within each gender. The symptoms and risk factors such as being wretched all the timeRead MoreThe Family Of A Family1319 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction A family is a group of two or more people that are related by blood, marriage (registered), adoption, step or fostering, and who usually live together in the same household. This includes newly-weds without children, gay partners, couples with dependants, single mums or dads with children, siblings living together, and many other variations (What is a family, 2013). A family consists of many variables that work together to form a system. 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Yu Tsun has a mission that must be performed: send the name of the city containing the English air base to Berlin without the message being intercepted before he is captured. Yu Tsun, although a flawed hero, is the storys hero nonetheless, and the

The Legacy Of Rape, By Nancy Toping Bazins And Jane...

To explore the legacy of rape as a tool in war Nancy Toping Bazin’s and Jane Harmovit Lauter’s philosophy of domination is important to know. The philosophy of domination is the underpinning of all patriarchal institutions from domestic institutions, to government, and the military. Another usefully theory is one succinctly described by Katrina Lee Koo in â€Å"Confronting a Disciplinary Blindness: Women, War and Rape in the International Politics of Security†. Koo says, â€Å"the nation, the state, allies, and enemies intersect with gendered identities†¦sexual enslavement is politicized violence against women’s bodies that is both state-sanctioned and premeditated† in effect, during war time there is an intersection of gender with religion, ethnicity, nationality and anything else that represents the opposing side as an â€Å"other†. In this sense an assault on the women of a nation is a direct assault on their state, their culture, the ir religion, their ethnic group as well as the men in it. In her essay â€Å"Revisiting the Issue of Korean ‘Military Comfort Women’: The Question of Truth and Positionality† Hyunah Yang says, â€Å"by invading women’s bodies, rape attempts to possess the enemy’s property and leaves a rift in the most fundamental ground of the symbolic system that sustains the enemies group identity†¦belief that the woman’s body is a field underpinning the family, ethnic group, and/or nation† (61). During the comfort system the Japanese army was not only in control of the Korean

Police brutality Free Essays

Some police are becoming more dangerous because they are often violent toward people, some are becoming criminals themselves, and some are abusing the power of their position. Some police are becoming more dangerous because they are often violent and aggressive towards people. One of the reasons is they are becoming more militaries in their training and mind set. We will write a custom essay sample on Police brutality or any similar topic only for you Order Now A candidate for the Washington 8th congressional district said † beat cops have been replaced by special ops. This tells us all that the government is trying to militaries our police officers to deal with situations as If they were in a war. I think this is becoming a huge problem because now the police are being taught to shoot flirt to protect themselves then ask questions. There was a circumstance where a little boy and his friends where playing in the street with toy aircraft guns. The boys were playing and a cop happen to drive by them during his patrol. The police officer then proceeded to get out of his vehicle and hide behind behind the door. While behind his door he yelled to the kids to put down the guns and get on the ground. One of the kids quickly turned towards him and the cop fired his weapon. The cop did not even ask any questions and did not even estate to shoot. It was later discover that the aircraft gun had a orange tip on the end of the barrel. This is a requirement for EBB guns and aircraft guns. It allows people to realize that they are fake guns. The cop said he did not even see the orange he Just saw what looked like a real gun a feared for his life. He was later suspended for a month with pay. This example showed how some cops are becoming more militaries and defensive. This should not happen in our local law enforcement. They are here to protect us and serve as a garden not as a special ops agent. Another thing that they would not be allowed to do Is be suspended. If someone outside the police force did this they would be put in Jail and possibly put in prison with a murder charge. Some of these cop are just getting a slap on the wrist and told to stay home for a month to clear there head, while getting paid. Some police are becoming more dangerous because they are often violent and aggressive towards people. Another one of these reasons is they will take a calm situation and turn It Into a Intense and horrible situation by beating or harming person they are trying to detain. Some of this has to do with people refusing to operate and fighting back, but some of are Just getting harassed and being forced to be handcuffed and arrested. Some are even arrested and beaten from telling an officer he has constitutional rights that are being violated and the cop just continues to push his way. In one case there was a African American family that got pulled over by two cops because the wife who was driving was not wearing a settable. Normally the cops would just write the driver a ticket and send them on there way. In this circumstance the wife asked her husband to get the papers that the cop asked for and the cop lulled a gun on the family. The father then told the police it was the paper and the cop asked them to get out of the car. With no reason to get out of the car the family refused. After the cops told the family to exit the vehicle a few Noreen times one of the through the other cop dazed the dad and pulled him out of the car and proceeded to rarest him. After they got him up and handcuffed they started leading his to the police car with the taker still in is back. The father started to wiggle and yell at the officer because he dazed him in front of his three kids in the back seat, and the cop gazed him again and held it for quite awhile. After they got him in the car they proceeded to get in the car and arrest the wife leaving the kids in the car. This shows that cops take situations way out of hand if they are given a little attitude and are not getting what they want. In the news letter a reporter said â€Å"that the cops had no reason to ask them to get out of there car and they took thing way to far. † By telling them to exit the car and then forcing them to is violating our right as an American citizen, and should not be taking lightly by the courts. How to cite Police brutality, Papers Police Brutality Free Essays Over the recent years, police have been one of the organizations to be associated with the largest cases of misconduct. Police brutality can be termed as the process of misuse and abuse of authority by the police. The rising cases of police brutality are causing more harm to the public, compared to the actions perpetrated by real criminals. We will write a custom essay sample on Police Brutality or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although police claim that It’s sometimes necessary to curb crime, the process Is Illegal and police officers should be charged Just like any other criminal offender. It should be the responsibility of the Justice system to establish effective tragedies to deal with the rising Illegal satellites In order to restore public trust In the law enforcement authorities. The police, the group with the responsibility of protecting citizens, commit Illegal satellites. Individuals engaged In law enforcement satellites can define police brutality as the process of using excessive force. In addition to the abuse of power by the police force, the term is also used to illustrate the misuse of power by individuals in the municipal, correctional facilities and other facilities subjected to reforming and retaining criminals. In a case reported in the ear 2011, SWAT (Special Weapons and Tactics) team, killed a 31 year old man in a mistaken identity (Roberts 1). It is evident that several law enforcement individuals have been conducting careless investigations. It is evident that these cases are rarely reported either because the victims are uninformed of their rights, or the victim is afraid that same police who committed the misconduct in the first place will also be involved in investigating the abuse cases. By the year 2011, there were over 470, 000 reported cases of police brutality, that could be easily located on the internet Roberts 1 Although people are gradually being encouraged to report abuse cases, the numbers have not decreased. Compared to the level of crime and the reported criminal activities, it shows that the public is usually at risk of being attacked by a police officer than a real criminal Monsoon 365). This means that police are becoming some of the individuals highly involved in criminal activities. Various Forms of Police Brutality The longstanding perception is that police brutality Involves only physical assaults. However, the term can also mean psychological assault, abuse and other forms of issue of power. Some of the remarkable forms of police brutality Involve false arrests and accusing the wrong person. In Dalton, Intimidation and police profiling can also be considered police brutality, since It Involves Intrusion Into the rights and the property of Individuals. Physical brutality Is one of the most widespread, and In most cases, Individuals are subjected to torture and other physical harm. Ordinarily, people do not consider the various harsh treatments, being hit with police batons and being pressed by the police shield as part of police brutality. In most cases, people sustain very bad injuries from some activities of the police. Psychological brutality is mostly brought about by verbal abuses and subjecting the public to inappropriate conditions. Psychological intimidation may also occur in situations where the police are holding a suspect and they subject him or her to threats on temporary psychological breakdown. In most cases, the reported cases are only those involving physical assaults, mostly because there is usually enough evidence to charge the involved personnel. Causes of brutality One of the main causes of police brutality is the authority vested in the police officers y their superiors, to ensure that law is enforced when necessary. When police officers are given the option to chose when to, and when not to, use excessive force, they end up abusing the power of choice by making the wrong decisions even when dealing with petty crimes. In addition, police may gradually develop some dislike for lawbreakers, especially in situations where the surroundings are full of criminals. Police officers in a crime prone region and in areas with extreme rowdy criminal behavior may develop some degree of dislike for the law breakers and their approach to dealing with the criminals may be brutal. In such situations, the police officers enforcing law and order act based on their emotions rather than their professional expectations. The gradual dislike leads the police officers to always contemplate on ending the rising crime and in the end; they find themselves using excessive force, even in situations where force was not needed. The SWAT team is one response unit that is trained and psychologically prepared to deal with tough and resisting criminals. In addition, the response team is issued with specific orders to use excessive force when necessary; especially if they note that, the criminals are ungenerous and may harm others. The above reasons police have also been known to use excessive force is because they think that they are above the law. Due to the power vested in the police to deal with all types of crimes and to carry weapons, they soon develop the notion that they are above the law and end up misusing their powers instead of protecting the public. In addition to the feeling of being above the law, there are no practical and effective internal accountability mechanisms to regulate the excessive use of force by the police officers. Many police officers take advantage of the fact that many member of the public are uninformed of their rights and they therefore subject themselves to harm, on the basis that they are above the law. Lack of internal investigation procedures, especially due to solidarity, makes the police force lack effective internal investigative structures to check the misuse of powers by the police officers. In most cases, police may feel mandated by the blue codes to protect fellow police officers in case they are involved in criminal activities (Isoclinic 7). Blue codes is a code of silence amongst police officers. In such instances, the criminal is always perceived to be wrong and any action taken by the police is justified based on the existing police cultures. In most cases, police departments are established under tight and strong hierarchical models that make it hard to implement ethical decision processes (Owens and Prefer 7). This means that the decisions to engage, or not to engage, in brutal activities when dealing with the public are not clear, In addition to the faults in the system, the other issues that lead to police brutality may include psychological and behavioral backgrounds of the law enforcement officers. In most cases, police are left to deal with criminals, while still suffering from psychological and sociological disengagement. Some of the reasons committed. In addition, some officers claim that they act under authority of the senior police officers. Although these reasons can be possible, they do not Justify the actions on the public, who trust the police officers for protection. Civil rights Some of the legislations protecting the public against police brutality include the Fourth Amendment that protects citizens against unwarranted searches and seizures ND if an individual feels that the rights have been violated, they should immediately report to the relevant authorities. In addition to the fourth amendment, the Civil Rights Act 1871 protects the public from being harassed or mistreated in anyway whatsoever by the police. The law, which was enacted to protect the minority groups fighting for their rights, however exempts the public from making claims on brutality in section 42 of the 1983, edition (Civil Rights Division 1). The other legislation protecting the public against police brutality is the fourteenth amendment that establishes equality irrespective of responsibility vested by the law. Citizens have the right to have a fair trial and the police should not take it upon themselves to pass judgment and incriminate a suspect without going through the appropriate Justice process. The above legislations protect the public from police brutality by stating the rights of an individual, even when they perpetrate a crime. In case an individual is armed, it should be the responsibility of the police officer to disarm the criminal with minimal possible injury. This civil rights establish the boundaries and ensures that Alice act within their vested powers. In case of any brutality, individuals are encouraged to report the incident like any other crime in order to get the required support. Solutions to police brutality One of the groups that have come forth to protect the public against police brutality is the Amnesty International. This organization has been vibrant in identifying the rampant cases and in pressuring the government to establish internal strategies to deal with the ever-rising police brutality. The organization also identifies and releases reports indicating the prevailing police brutality in different regions. The external agencies notwithstanding, it should be the responsibility of each member of the public to ensure that they understand their rights and to report abuse cases as soon as they occur. In addition, the societal based cop-watch group should also ensure that the crimes are reported and conduct a follow up on the reported cases to ensure that Justice is served. The police departments should also establish flexible and effective accountability strategies that incriminates any police officers abusing power, and ethical guidelines should be enacted to prevent the police officers from purporting their own based on the existing cultures (Civil Rights Division 1). The justice system should also be strengthened to ensure that police law breakers are not left unpunished. The investigators of police brutality should be from independent bodies to avoid biasness during investigations. Since it has been a common trend for police officers to support their fellow officers over the criminals, the Justice system should set up an independent body to evaluate the operations of required. The government should also start an awareness campaign to educate the public about their rights and to explain about the appropriate channels for airing grievances associated with police brutality. How to cite Police Brutality, Papers Police Brutality Free Essays ?Lucy Sanchez English 1302 Mr. Gonzalez 8 April 2009 Police Brutality Draft Who can forget the Los Angeles riots and the Rodney King beating in 1991? This case of police brutality was the most widely known. Over the years, it seems that police abuse remains one of the most serious human rights violations in the United States. We will write a custom essay sample on Police Brutality or any similar topic only for you Order Now It makes the people wonder if in fact police officers are doing their job and if they are here to protect us. Police officers get away with unjustified shootings, fatal choking, rough treatments, and severe beatings. Police brutality needs to be addressed and there has to be harsher punishment to minimize the amount of police brutality that happens. A punishment that they can receive for their brutality is harsher sentencing and job dismissals. If such a case should go to court the judge and jurors should sentence the police officer. If the case was minor then the chief of police or someone in charge. There is not a day that goes by that somewhere in the United States that an innocent civilian gets beaten from a police officer for no apparent reason. Sometimes the reason is because a police officer is racist. Racism, discrimination, and police brutality all go hand in hand because police officers usually do not go around beating civilians up for no reason. Usually the motive is because they are racist. The most major race that was affected by police brutality seems to be Caucasian people but according to the â€Å"NAACP, they say that between 1976 and 1987, officers killed about 1,800 blacks and 3,000 whites. Since blacks comprise approximately 12% of the general population, the data suggest that blacks are about three times more likely to be killed by officers than whites†. These appalling numbers are probably on the rise. It seems that there is no escape for police brutality because it can happen to anyone not just African Americans or Caucasians. Although, mostly Africans Americans are targeted it can happen to any other race. Police officers feel because they are the law they can do whatever they please. They feel that they are above the law. My father, who is now deceased, was a victim of police brutality. It was about eight years ago when the Garden Grove police department of California barged in my dad’s apartment around three in the morning with a warrant. The first thing I remember was when he was slightly beaten with their hands to arrest him. My younger brother and I were watching the whole thing and the police new we were there. So how could they even think about doing this in front of us? I asked my father when I visited him in jail,† Why do cops treat people this way? † He simply said,’’ they think they are above the law and they have no respect for Mexicans†. (Ruben Paz). When he told me this I never liked police officers no matter who they were. I hated them with a passion. I assumed they were racist. This kind of police brutality may not have been that severe but the case with Rodney King it was without a doubt. One reason that this incident of police brutality is so famous is because it was captured on tape. Watching this tape may be hard to watch because it is obviously seen that Rodney is defenseless and has no weapon, yet he is surrounded by six or seven police officers that are beating him to death with their nightsticks. Many agree that this was no regular traffic stop. The police officers that took part in this brutality at first were not punished at all. That is what caused the riots because people were very angry that those police officers could get away with such a crime, especially because it was caught on videotape. Later, according to Los Angeles Times, after taking a second look at the tape, two officers were sentenced to prison for violating Rodney King’s rights. The aftermath of this videotape was that people were not safe. African Americans were afraid of police officers and knew they were a target every time. While driving, walking, or even standing on a corner they are a target no matter where they go. When a victim has evidence that a police officer had assaulted or beat them in some way, that is proof and all they need to convict the police officer. In many cases, when this is brought to court or police department the punishment they give the police officers for their brutality is verbal reprimands, reprimand letters, suspensions, or dismissals. These punishments should be harder depending on the severity of the case. For example, according to facts. com, a police officer was not charged for the brutality he caused on an innocent civilian. His only punishment was a couple days suspension and he was back to work. Many police officers get this type if treatment. It is rare that an actual police officer gets convicted and sentenced to jail. Police officers should serve time behind bars to teach them a lesson. They should be treated just like the rest of the civilians. One right punishment an officer received for his brutality is eighteen months in jail and three years of probation. Michael Singleton, which was a police officer for Maywood police Department in California, rammed a civilian’s head against a wall. The victim Jose Bernal was knocked unconscious, his nose was broken, and suffered temporary paralysis to one side of his face (Los Angeles Times). This type of punishment that Michael Singleton received is very rare because he was actually convicted. After so many cases reported of police brutality many cannot beat he system. Because police officers are above us in law we cannot win. We can if we have hard evidence o them, but sometimes even that cannot help us because of the corruption inside police departments. In order to decrease the amount of brutalities we have to first define the barriers of what is brutality and what is their job as police officers. Another way can result in more constant training and better use of force training and policies. When people are in trouble and the only number they can call for help is 911 we sometimes think about it twice before we call. How can we be afraid to even call the police department? Has it in fact changed the way we think about police officers? They are supposedly here to serve and protect but how can we believe that when they are committing crimes themselves? Police brutality is no joke. One question I have been asking myself for a very long time is, â€Å"Who can police the police? † it may not make sense but to me it does. How can they be trusted when they are the law? They should not be above it but they act as if they are. Of course not all police officers are bad. Some are police officers because they are here to serve and protect those that cannot protect themselves. It is safe to say that there are some good cops but more sure that there are more bad cops. It is a sad thing but only my opinion based on the experiences I have encountered with them. In the past I used to hate cops but I learned to know that some could be trusted. Even though, police brutality will never stop and that is a known fact, I will always keep my guard up. Works Cited Los Angeles Times. 18 October 2008.. â€Å"Police Brutality. †   Issues Controversies On File   3 Oct. 2003. Issues Controversies. Facts On File News Services. 9 Apr. 2009   . â€Å"Police Corruption. †   Issues Controversies On File   30 Apr. 2004. Issues Controversies. Facts On File News Services. 7 Apr. 2009   . Rodney King. 2007. video. 12 April 2009. . How to cite Police Brutality, Papers

Business To Business Competitive Marketing â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Business To Business Competitive Marketing? Answer: Introduction The business plan states the marketing analysis of the Ray Ban product of Ferrari edition. The Scuderia Ferrari collection of Ray ban glasses is the new product invented by the company Ran Ban. In this report the SWOT analysis of the product is displayed which show the chance, advantages and weakness of the product to place them in the market. Further it also provides competitor analysis along with marketing and financial objectives of the product to fulfill. The mission states the objective of the company in the target market. Apart from that the report also identified the marketing mix of the product which helps the company to know about the specifications of the product (Vigneron, Johnson, 2017). Lastly implementation and control process of management is decided to assist the mission of the company. Further details of the plan are discussed below: It refers to the advantages and disadvantages which can either assist or decrease the growth of the company. Further the SWOT analysis of Ray Ban F1 edition is discussed below: Strengths: the forte of the product is that it is a classic collection of ray Ban Company. Being made under the name of both the renowned company, it will get easier for the product to capitalize the market. As Ray Ban and Ferrari are on its peak in their particular target markets, so this acts as an advantage to the company for the sale of their product. Strength of the product is its specialized classic designed collection, this initiates the customers to purchase the product firstly due to the product design and secondly due to the brand image (Scott, 2015). Weakness: Ferrari and Ray ban both companies sell premium brand product in the market. also the company Ferrari Scuderia sponsors ray ban goggles with a view to earn profit from the product manufactured, due to which both the companies will include their profit margin in the product. This arrangement will lead to increase in price of the product. Although it is known that F1 collection is itself a premium product, still the price of the product shall be affordable by all. But only few people in the target market cant afford this collection which acts as a drawback for the company (Ryan, 2016). Opportunities: opportunities are chances which the company and products receives with the use of which they gain capitalization in their market. The benefits of Ray Ban are that they provide differentiated products in the market with UV protection glasses in them. Now a days people look for classic collection which secures the eyes of people from harmful rays and this product helps them in protecting their eyes. So, this feature of the product acts as opportunities by the use of which they can grow in the competitive market. Also, if customers like the quality of the product then they will create goodwill of the product in the market through which sales will increase (Armstrong, et. al., 2015). Threats: this product is currently invented in the market, o there are already many competitors of the product existing in the market. So, in order to increase the sales the product firstly need to settle itself in the market by creating product differentiation. It can act as a threat for the company to cut the competition and initiate sustainable working of its business (Suh, 2014). Competitor Analysis The major competitor of the F1 collection of Ferrari is Oakley. Although Oakley and ray ban comes in the same parent group which is Luxottica, there is a cut throat competition between the products. After ray ban Oakley is the second best company prevailing in the market, it holds a major market share. Oakley produces stylish eyewear, due to which ray ban somehow saves itself as the stream which ray ban follow is classic collection and Oakley manufactures fashionable glasses (Bull, et. al., 2016). Mission Ray ban was introduced in the year 1837, since then it is the aim of the company to flourish the market with their products. The company aims to achieve sustainability by selling differentiated products in the market. For F1 collection, the mission of the company is to provide comfortability to the customers by selling classic collection with UV protection sunglasses. The company also aims to provide high-ended premium quality products in the market. By looking at the market data it can be said that the aim of sustainability of ray ban is fulfilled in the market but, they aim higher to reach at every corner of the world and provide them such services (Hou, Wu, Du, 2017). Marketing and financial objective At the beginning of the product every company aims for some objectives which they need to fulfill in upcoming certain time period. Further the six monthly marketing and financial objective for the ray ban Ferrari collection products are discussed below: Create product differentiation and place the product on the peak in the market. Upsurge the customer base. Increase their area of providing services by the way of opening outlets at different places. Being a newly introduced product in the market, the main financial aim of the company is create sustainability of the product in the target market. Reduce the cost of production and increase profit margin. Initiate repetitive sales. So, the above mentioned are the six monthly goals which the company aspires t fulfill with the help of marketing plan (Cezar, Raghunathan, 2016). Marketing Mix Marketing mix a part of marketing plan which helps the company to gather information about the product, its best price, the place in which it shall be situated and the mode of promotion through which company shall circulate information about the product. Further the marketing mix of the ray ban F1 collection is discussed below: Product: being manufactured under the name of companies like Ferrari and ray ban, no person can doubt on the quality of the product. Further talking about the pacification of the product, it is a classic collection of ray ban with UV protection Glasses in them. The design of the product has unique mirror acrodynamic design which assist people comfort along with style. The additional specialty of the product is that it is design with the view of Ferrari and manufactured by ray ban, so the quality of both the companies are included in it. Also the product comes under the guarantee period which helps the customers to build trust on the product and the company as well (Journeault, De Ronge, Henri, 2016). Price: Ray ban uses price skimming techniques to decide the prices of the product which shall be offered in the market. Price skimming refers to techniques of selling the product at a prices which enables the company to gain higher return in the market. Only the skimmed customers shall buy this product as the prices are kept high by the company. also the company enjoys the first mover advantage, as the product ad technique used in the market is new due to which the company can quote any price of the product according to their on which buyers shall purchase the product (Stone, 2016). Place: it refers to the availability of the product in the market. As it is known, that both the companies Ferrari and ray ban have their outlets at different parts of the world due to which it will get easy for the product to place them in the market. The F1 collection of ray would also channel itself through same medium from which ray ban channelize their other products in the market. Further as the company wishes to increase the market share, so with the introduction this product in the market, ray ban can setup their outlets at different places as well. So, lastly it can be said that they product will not find it difficult to place itself in the market as Ferrari and ray ban are already holding a major market share (Signori, Flint, 2016). Promotion: it refers to the mode through which the company promotes it product in the market. In order to introduce a new product in the market, the first thing which a company needs to do is communicate adequate information about the product in the market. So, the company shall promote this product through social media websites. As most of the people now make purchase through online websites, so it is considered as the best means through which the company shall promote their product in the market. They shall communicate and circulate the information of the product through their websites as well so that all prospective people get to know about the new product development made by the company (Baker, Saren, 2016). Digital Marketing Communication Plan To spread the product in the market, the company needs to circulate adequate information about the product in the market. For that purpose as discussed earlier, the company initiates to use digital media for promoting the product in the target market. They shall inform people regarding the specification of the product through emails, messages etc. Apart from that they shall initiate drone technology to introduce the product in the target market. Digital communication in todays world is necessary as it helps the company to communicate with mass at a same time (Guzmn, Davis, 2017). Action plan to achieve objective Following actions shall be taken into process to fulfill the marketing and financial objectives of the product. The company shall implement differentiation in their product so that repeated sales are made by the customer. This will also reduce the competition which will automatically affect the sale of the company positively. Customer base of the company can be only increased in the company by providing quality products and services to the customers of the company. Thus, the management shall strictly following the quality parameter so as to increase the customer base. For setting up outlets in other places, the company shall firstly improve the sales to the level of that new stores are required in the market. Adding to it, they shall also setup their outlet at the places where the product is highly demanded in the market (LUCCHETTA, 2016). Sustainability is one of the important aspects of the company which shall be maintained and followed by all. The company shall work in such a way that sustainable future of the product is maintained in the market. Efficient usage of resources shall be made so that cost of production decrees and profit margin increases. Repetitive sales are one of the biggest factors of growth of a company. It helps the product to gain the competitive edge in the market. Repetitive sales happen only when the customer gets satisfied with the quality of the product. So the company shall develop genuine quality product to initiate repetitive sales (Mosca, Giacosa, 2016). Implementation and control of plan The company shall implement the plan in such a way that it provides benefits to both the companies along with the customers. They shall initiate form a marketing plan for the management which shall be strict followed by al the employee of the company. Assisting to it the manager shall scrutinize the activities of the employees initiated in the market. Further new recruits shall be hired which shall provide ideas to the company better optimization resources and creating better sales. So in this way the marketing plan shall be implemented in the organization to achieve sustainability along with better sales (Sarkar, Sarkar, 2016). In order to control the managerial activities of the management, it is the duty of the manager to inspect and scrutinize the activities of the management. Further control can be initiated in the management by giving adequate authority and responsibility in the management. With this the employees of the company will become accountable towards fulfillment of their duties resulting to which control will get initiated in the management. The management shall make plans and execute them, at the end of the plan they shall retrospect the outcomes with the planned outcome. Deviation shall be identified and control measures shall be implementing to resolve the issue (Baker, Saren, 2016). Conclusion Thus, in the limelight of above mentioned events the fact that shall be noticed is that the company ray bay is a highly efficient company constantly growing in the global market. Further, the new product introduced in the market shall be promoted though social media websites so as to increase the sales of the company. References Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M., Brennan, R. (2015). Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Baker, M. J., Saren, M. (Eds.). (2016). Marketing theory: a student text. Sage. Bull, J. W., Jobstvogt, N., Bhnke-Henrichs, A., Mascarenhas, A., Sitas, N., Baulcomb, C., ... Carter-Silk, E. (2016). Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats: A SWOT analysis of the ecosystem services framework. Ecosystem services, 17, 99-111. Cezar, A., Raghunathan, S. (2016, June). Competitive Mobile Marketing and its Impact on the Mobile Eco System. In ECIS (p. ResearchPaper10). Guzmn, F., Davis, D. F. (2017). The impact of corporate social responsibility on brand equity: consumer responses to two types of fit. Journal of Product and Brand Management. https://www. researchgate. net/publication/309202831. Hou, R., Wu, J., Du, H. S. (2017). Customer social network affects marketing strategy: A simulation analysis based on competitive diffusion model. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 469, 644-653. Journeault, M., De Ronge, Y., Henri, J. F. (2016). Levers of eco-control and competitive environmental strategy. The British Accounting Review, 48(3), 316-340. LUCCHETTA, G. (2016). Logistics service optimization. The case of Luxottica. Mosca, F., Giacosa, E. (2016). Old and New Distribution Channels in the Luxury Sector. In Global Marketing Strategies for the Promotion of Luxury Goods (pp. 220-243). IGI Global. Ryan, D. (2016). Understanding digital marketing: marketing strategies for engaging the digital generation. Kogan Page Publishers. Sarkar, A., Sarkar, J. G. (2016). Devoted to you my love: Brand devotion amongst young consumers in emerging Indian market. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 28(2), 180-197. Scott, D. M. (2015). The new rules of marketing and PR: How to use social media, online video, mobile applications, blogs, news releases, and viral marketing to reach buyers directly. John Wiley Sons. Signori, P., Flint, D. J. (2016). Digital marketing innovations and their role in service ecosystems, the exchange of value and social impact. Tiziana Russo-Spenaand Cristina Mele, 259. Stone, M. (2016). Business to business competitive marketing: Practice and literature. Journal of Customer Behaviour, 15(1), 3-14. Suh, J. (2014). Theory and reality of integrated riceduck farming in Asian developing countries: A systematic review and SWOT analysis. Agricultural systems, 125, 74-81. Vigneron, F., Johnson, L. W. (2017). Measuring perceptions of brand luxury. In Advances in Luxury Brand Management (pp. 199-234). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.

Song Of Solomon By Toni Morrison Essays - Song Of Solomon, Milk

Song of Solomon by Toni Morrison Throughout the centuries many authors have attempted to capture the individuals quest for self-authenticity. In the novel Song of Solomon, Toni Morrison depicts the many aspects of self-actualization, as well as the tormenting road that leads to the shaping of an individual. Through beautiful language, with immense reality, she is able to describe young black mans journey as he uncovers his personal history, myth, and essence. The story revolves around generations, past and present, of a black family in the south. The character of Milkman (Macon Dead jr.) evolves through the descriptions, events, and experiences of others. His parents, Macon Dead sr., and Ruth Foster Dead, represent the wall-blocking Milkman from his true authentic identity. Many of Milkman's major problems are a direct result of his parents suffocating mistakes. Ruth breast-fed Milkman until he was six years old, hence the name Milkman. She was sexually repressed by her husband for twenty years, and used her young son as a substitute for sexual intimacy. Ruth believed that she possessed no authenticity, and that she was insignificant and isolated. By passing these negative attributes and emotions to Milkman she disturbed his natural process for growth, and ultimately left him feeling lost and insecure. Instead of encouraging Milkman to grow and mature, Ruth hoarded him into the world that she herself despised. Milkman's father, Macon Dead sr., became a ruthless money hound after his father, Jake, was shot and killed for his property. This devastating event from his childhood made him miserly, insensitive, and stingy. Macon Dead sr. becomes a money hungry machine because he does not want to suffer the same fate as his father. Macon Dead sr. fails to tell Milkman the reasons behind his miserly attitude. Thus creating an insurmountable gap between their relationship. Milkman's mother and father both thrust their personal fears on him adding to the destruction of his personal identity. Only after Milkman uncovers these tribulations behind his parents' identities, can he begin his quest for self-authenticity. By displacing the profound effect Milkman's parents have on his quest for self-actualization, Morrison is able to convey her theme of generational conflict. Without appropriate parental guidance, honesty, and explanation Milkman has trouble finding the authentic individual within himself. The inner turmoil within both Ruth and Macon Dear sr. reflects negatively upon Milkman, leaving him lost and unfocused. Morrison writes of this hole within Ruth, "?because the fact is that I am a small woman. I don't mean little; I mean small, and I'm small because I was pressed small. (p. 124)" Instead of accepting the problems with their own authenticity, both parents force their unauthentic values on Milkman. The overbearing needs of both parents result in Milkman's need to find his personal Identity in other places, other people. The individual who first inspires Milkman to discover his own identity is Pilate, the forbidden sister of Macon Dead sr. She is a mysterious woman, large, masculine, and frightening. Her brother abandoned her after years of support because she began making wine. Macon Dead sr. this drunken profession, and subsequently forbid Milkman to encounter her. Despite his father's wishes Milkman is intrigued by Pilate and quickly becomes absorbed in her magical, spiritual, fulfilling world. This was the same world that once held his father in awe. Morrison writes, "surrendering to the sound, Macon moved closer. He wanted no conversation, no whiteness, only to listen and perhaps to see the three of them, the source of that music that made him think of fields and of wild turkey and calico. (P.29)" By entering into Pilate's' home Milkman begins to question why his father acts the way he does. Through Pilate, Milkman discovers a past that seems lost within his father. This realization begins! ns Milkman's quest for self-authenticity. Milkman's flight to identity takes him many places. He is fortunate to have a friend, Guitar, who is also lost, and hunting for his authentic identity. The two pursue adventures and their contrasting personalities leave them wit ha wide perspective on events and experiences. While Milkman seems quiet, poetic, almost stumbling on his authentic self. Guitar is eager, outgoing, and aware of his needs. Morrison creates Pilate as a metaphor for a

Romeo and Juliet The Movie essays

Romeo and Juliet The Movie essays When I first saw Romeo and Juliet I was amazed by the effects and the story surrounding it. This version of Romeo and Juliet is a wildly passionate love story that captures the brightly burning emotions of youth. Baz Luhrmann the director of Romeo and Juliet takes Shakespeares famous play and updates it to the hip modern suburb of Verona but still retaining its original dialogue. The gun toting members of the families wage a vicious war on the streets as the star-crossed lovers, their tragic destiny. It is a rivalry between the Hispanic Montagues and the punk Capulets. Luhrmann wanted a realistic updating of the famous Shakespeare story so he decided to present the Montague and the Capulet family as rich people in a modern world. In the original Shakespeare play the families were wealthy so Luhrmann is trying to stick to the story as much as possible in this tale. When Baz Luhrmann chose Leonardo DiCaprio and Claire Danes as Romeo and Juliet because he was hoping to make a Romeo and Juliet that was accessible to young audiences. He wanted the perfect couple, good looking and youthful so his choice of main actors is therefore... one word love. Harold Perrineau (Mercutio) and John Leguizamo (Tybalt) were chosen because they are the typical type to play that character. John was able to give this bad boy image for Tybalt while Harold was able to make Mercutio funny and charming yet a perfect fighter when need be. These were the perfect characters to watch over Romeo and Juliet. Miriam Margolyes tends toward caricature as a Hispanic Nurse, but is always understandable and occasionally funny, while Peter Postlethwaite turns in the films strongest performance as the morally ambiguous Father Laurence For the play Luhrmann gives each actor a different type of style of clothing to suit his or her characters though he makes sure its very modern. He gives Tybalt a gothic bad...

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Masculinity In Marlowes Edward The Second Play

Masculinity In Marlowes Edward The Second Play Renaissance plays often have the tension between order and disorder as its underlying central issue, which is frequently expressed through the conflicts presented in love, loyalty, family relations, gender issues, and politics and law; and these plays attempt to reinstate order in the end by trying to dispose of those elements that cause the disruption of society. One widely celebrated author from this period, famous for his works Hero and Leander and Doctor Faustus, is Christopher Marlowe. Marlowes plays are similar in respect that the tension of order and disorder lies at its core, and an in depth analysis can be done of his play Edward the Second on all the previously mentioned themes. Marlowes Edward the Second questions the gender boundaries as presented in the early-modern period, and the notions on masculinity are closely intertwined with politics in this play, which can be noticed when focussing on ideas of masculinity with regards authority, sexuality, and women as presented in Marlowes play. Women, thus, were axiomatically perceived as being subordinated to men, especially concerning the financial and legal organisation of society. As the normal manner in which the head controls its body, the subordination of women was considered to be absolutely natural (hobby, 32). Domestically, the power rested with the father who was considered to be in command. Women were considered to be less rational than men and prone to emotional outbursts, and, consequently, they required male protection. (Traub, 129-130) According to Curtis Perry in Eros and Power in English Renaissance Drama, masculinity was stereotypically associated with rational self-command and constancy (6), and to handle public orders as opposed to personal desires (Shephard, 75), while effeminateness was linked to uncontrollable passion, spending to much time at home, and being dedicated to women in a subordinate rather than mastery position (Sinfield, 88). When discovered in men, these effeminate qualities instigated the downfall of social structures and positions as recognized in early-modern England; so, men should attempt to repudiate this effeminate behaviour and assert manliness. Furthermore, according to Stephen Orgel, manhood was not a natural condition but a quality that had to be striven for and maintained through constant watchfulness (Orgel, 29), which was done through manuals -for example Castigliones The Book of the Courtier- that emphasized masculine behaviour without showing effeminate behaviour. Other significant features of masculinity included fighting and violence, rivalry, uniforms, being a father, and facial hair. This last trait separated men from the boys who appear often in conjunction with effeminacyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[and] from the viewpoint of the masterful male they are both inferior (Sinfield, 103). Also, men are physically stronger than women, and in an age where there is no technology as existing today muscles were required for accomplishing hard, physical labour, resu lting in men being more dominant compared to women. Additionally, manliness generally meant hanging out with other males (Sinfield, 88) and, in the early-modern period social stability and order were governed by these homo-social bonds between men, for everyone was defined in relation to these. The social structure was constructed round systems of patronage and clientele between men, and many institutions required men to share domestic space with one another, especially beds. The relations between master/servant, or tutor/pupil for example were often specified in terms of an idealized friendship and were essential to society. The emphasis upon the importance of manliness as a performed role and the centrality of the inter-male relations as the basis of social order places the men and the male body at the centre of society (Hattaway, 482). Nevertheless, there were exceptions regarding the general gender-roles as mentioned above. Widows, for example, had some power in the domestic sph ere and in financial businesses, because they had no man to arrange their businesses. Moreover, Queen Elizabeth was a woman with power and control, and was thus associated with masculine qualities. Although females with masculine traits were usually perceived as anomalies of society, this was not the case for Queen Elizabeth who is considered to be one of Englands most remarkable leaders. In this period, the role of a king or queen was primarily a public position, and their authority and ability to rule the country was inextricably intertwined with their ability to govern themselves, which is a central theme clearly illustrated in Christopher Marlowes play Edward the Second. Kings were regarded as possessing ideal personal virtues that made it able for them to govern a country, which was seen as an extension of him/herself. Accordingly, personal self-control was a quality that was emphasized, because without self-control a king/queen was unable to govern his/her country. Perry observes that a king [was] bestowed upon a people by God, and if God wishes to reward a virtuous people, their ruler will be given the personal moral excellence to control himself(10). This implicates that a ruler should always have the best interest of the realms people in mind, respecting traditions and regulations, for the decisions made by a particular ruler and the manner in which he perfor ms his office effects not only his immediate subjects, but people of all degrees of society (DiMatteo, 177). This is a notion stressed by King James VI/I in his book Basilikon Doron: As he cannot be thought worthy to rule and command others, that cannot ruleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦his own proper affections and unreasonable appetites, so can he not be thought wordy to govern a Christian people, knowing and fearing God, that in his own person and heart, feareth not and loveth not the Devine Majesty. (qtd. in Perry, 1) Also, there was no clear distinction between the kings personal life and private life, and, accordingly, the kings/queens personal identity and morality was a public matter. Rulers were considered to be the moral representatives of their people, and were required to set a good example: Kings, being public persons by reason of their office and authority, are, as it were setà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦upon a public stage, in the sight of all the people where all the beholders eyes are attentively bent to look and pry in the least circumstance of their secretest drifts. Which should make kings the more careful not to harbour the secretest thought in their mind, but such as in their own time they shall not be ashamed openly to avouch. (qtd. in Perry, 4) As a result, rulers had to control their feelings and personal desires for the sake of the countrys welfare and were not entitled to give up everything for, for instance, love or personal desires. This also meant that friendships should be chosen because of their counsel, nobility, and moral wisdom rather than for any more inward or subjective reason (Perry, 4), because rulers distributed wealth and power among these friends, meaning that is was imperative that these positions of power were granted to capable individuals for the benefit of the country and its citizens. Consequently, this had to be done according to reason and not according to subjective feelings. When decisions were made according to misguided reason and passion, political tyranny was the result, for the overthrow of reason by passion leads a ruler to violate the principles of moral rule.(4) Moreover, tyranny [was] often seen as effeminate and associated with moral weakness (8) because it results from the rulers inab ility to control his/her aspirations. In Marlowes play, king Edward II is incapable of regulating his own desires and thoughts, and the imbalance and the violence ensued by the kings affection for Gaveston reminded an audience just how important a rulers ability of self-control is. The problem issued by the nobility in the play of Edward having Gaveston as his favourite lies mainly in Edwards decision to bypass them and to bestow to much power on someone of low birth without their consultation, which is in lines with customary political regulations, that it is possible for that person to overawe them. Laws were considered to be issued by God, and if God had wanted Gaveston to be that powerful God would have bestowed him with more power, and by granting Gaveston with that much power Edward denigrates the rest of his peers as stated by Lancaster: In this play, Gaveston represents the unruly desires that threaten to overturn the rational social order of society. Gaveston believes that as the personal favourite of the king he will be empowered in such a way that [His] knee shall bow to none but the King. (1.19) However, Edwards peers insist that the king must behave according to his impersonal duty to the publics need by suppressing his own longing and desires and acting out of reason. Mortimer senior emphasizes this need to conform to public wishes in the play when stating: If you love us, my lord, hate Gaveston. (1.79) Here, Mortimer senior asks the king to distinguish between two kinds of affection. On the one hand, there is his personal love and intimacy he feels for Gaveston, which is ascribed to passion and personal desire. Contrastively, there is an impersonal kind of love determined by the public status in moral reason: namely the affection a king is required to hold for his peers. So, Mortimer senior asks his king to d isregard his personal feelings for his duty and honour to the public. (Perry, 27) Nevertheless, Edward II is unable to accomplish this stating: I will have Gaveston (1.95) solely because he loves me more in all the world.(4.77). The result is disorder and chaos through which Mortimer Junior with the help of most of the other peers and Isabella obtain power. However, Mortimer Junior is revealed to be a figure of passionate political ambition chasing his own passions and desire; a tyrant who revels in his unrestrained power planning to advance his friends: Essentially, Mortimer Junior can be likened in the end to how Gaveston began in the play: as a figure representing passionate misrule, characterized by political ambition. Nevertheless, Valerie Traub suggests that the conclusions of these kind of early-modern plays tend to restore the social order. And because chaos is often expressed as an inversion of gender hierarchy, the reconstruction of order tends to reinstate masculine authority. (132). In Marlowes play Edward III represents this masculine authoritative figure, and he demonstrates his competence through his willingness to punish Mortimer Junior and -more importantly- his own mother, showing that he is able to subordinate personal affections to that of public duty in contrast to his father Edward II. Edwards political inabilities are inextricably connected with his sexuality, and his inability to handle it accordingly causes the civil rebellion in the play, and, ultimately, his death. Male affectivity and the perception on sexuality in the early-modern period is difficult to describe, because in a culture were intense male friendships and shared beds were the norm- it is almost impossible to distinguish between friends and lovers.(Hattaway, 482) Accusations of being a sodomite did occur; however, this generally did not refer to explicit sexual acts but was used to accuse somebody for immoral behaviour and acting out of unruly desires. Moreover, sexual orientation was not perceived as being a significant part of someones character, but according to Perry homoerotic desire was typically thought of as something that anybody could feel but that nobody should give expression to.(7) Nevertheless, buggery was considered to be a crime punishable by death in this period. Sex was created b y God for procreation and not for recreational purposes, making buggery a sin against God. In Edward the Second, the kings homoerotic relationship with his favourite Gaveston is made explicitly clear from the start where Gaveston compares their relationship to that of the classical story of Hero and Leander, for Leanders nightly meeting with Hero after his swim across the Hellespont was specifically a union of sexual love(Marlowe, xviii) which in return helps to assign Gavestons speech with an erotic undertone: Sweet prince, I come; these, these thy amorous lines Might have enforced me to have swum from France And, like Leander, gasped upon the sand, So thou wouldst smile and take me in thy arms. (1.6-9) Another occurrence in the play where classical figures are evoked to remark upon the relationship between the king, his favourite, and their erotic intimate behaviour is uttered by queen Isabella, who remarks that that their affection is even greater than Joves affection for the beautiful Ganymede: Like frantic Juno will I fill the earth With ghastly murmur of my sighs and cries For never doted Jove on Ganymede So much as he on cursed Gaveston. (4.178-81) Ganymede (a beautiful Trojan boy who was taken by Jove to serve as a cup-bearer on Mount Olympus because he fell in love with the boys appearance) came to act as an image for homoerotic desires and passions, and -in the early-modern period- he became to represent the foul sodomite (Orgel), epitomizing the essence of personal criminality and immorality. Surprisingly, in this play the problem does not lie in Edwards need to have a male minion for his sexual pleasures, as remarked by Mortimer senior when stating that The mightiest kings have had their minions: Great Alexander loved Hephaestion; The conquering Hercules for Hylas wept; And for Patroclus stern Achilles drooped. And not kings only, but the wisest men (4. 390-396) However, Edward II and Gavestons desires constitute a cultural threat because they insist that their homoeroticism not be divorced from their political and social identities (Stymeist, 237), making it possible for Gaveston to gain access to power that he should never be able to obtain, and resulting in a [h]omoerotic desireà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[that] enables a subversion of social hierarchy (Chedszoy, 256). Edward even places Gaveston next to him on the queens throne, underscoring the reversed, unnatural order present at court. Edwards fatal mistake, moreover, rests in his unnatural devotion to Gaveston while ignoring his peers and -more important- his homo-social obligation towards them. This becomes apparent when Edward II refuses to ransom Mortimer senior when he is captured in battle, which triggers the rebellion against Edward II by his former peers, because they fear that this failure of homosocial obligation could prefigure larger rebellion and disorder in the realm (Chedszoy, 257). Edward II neglects his peers, his queen, and his country by focussing solely on the wellbeing of, and his love for Gaveston, depicting him as effeminate and incapable to perform his duty. However, in the end Edward II reasserts some of his masculine qualities, showing the ambivalence of his sexuality as portrayed by Marlowe. Edward shows that he is able to withstand the sufferings and torture he goes through, revealing a masculine strength: He hath a body able to endure / More than we can inflict (24.10-11). Furthermore, the historical accounts on Edward II explain that he had won his wife in a game of jousting. This game was a premier way of proving ones masculinity, because it is a physical and dangerous sport that required toughness, fitness, and an ability to control your horse; which implicated that you were able to control yourself (Flood, Women, Men, and Sex). Last, queen Isabella -one of the few women present in Marlowes play- plays a significant role and goes through the most radical transformation during the play which questions gender ideologies that existed at the time, ultimately resulting in her demise. As stated previously, women were stereotypically portrayed as acting out of unruly passions and desires, and they needed to be subordinate and controlled by men (Ryan, 132). At first, queen Isabella attempts to make her marriage succeed for her, and she endeavours at being patient and obedient wishing that that her marriage to Edward will turn out for the better and hoping that her husband will no longer reject her emotionally and sexually. Edward, in turn, does nothing to try and make their marriage work, for his only concern is about Gaveston, and he openly scorns his wife by saying to Gaveston: Speak not unto her; let her droop and pine (4.63), while Isabella in vainà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦look[s] for love at Edwards hand (9.62). Chedgzoy observes that Marlowe repeatedly indicates that for both Isabella and Edward, an orderly reconciliation of their competing desires might be possible, so long as it also reconciles the political and personal aspirations that shape Isabellas dissatisfaction. (252) When Isabella brings the news that Gavestonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦shall be repealed. (4.323), a loving reconciliation between the two occur. However, this reunion is only ephemeral because Edward is unable to maintain a suitable balance between his erotic desires, his love, and his obligations as a king. Isabella connects Edwards unnatural love for Gaveston directly with the countrys decline: Edward, thou art one among them all / Whose looseness hath betrayed thy land to spoil / And made the channels overflow with blood. (17.10-12). Consequently, Edward pushes Isabella in the arms of Mortimer Junior. However, Isabella is not merely an innocent woman desperately craving for love, for her adulterous behaviour is suggested from the start and her political ambition and sexual transgression grows more obvious when the play progresses (Stymeist, 246). She draws on recognizing and exploiting the power [she has] over Mortimer thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ will lead to adultery and murder. (Fuller, 84) She tra nsforms from being an obedient wife to an adulterous, manipulative, and murdering woman, for it is Isabella, together Mortimer Junior, who conspire to Edward and Kents execution. According to Stymeist, Isabella becomes a nightmarish emblem of adultery and unnatural motherhood, allowing her son to be forcefully taken away by her paramour (246-247). Her political ambitions and her emotional distress caused by her husband go hand in hand. Furthermore, Isabella transforms from being a scorned wife with feminine desires and passions to being a military leader showing masculine qualities. She is described by Edward as a warrior queen whose eyes, being turned to steel, / Will sooner sparkle fire than shed a tear.(20.104-105), and her union with Mortimer Junior offers her access to political power. In the end, both Edward and Isabella need to be eliminated to regain the natural order at court and in the realm, emphasized by Sara Munson Deats by stating that Marlowes radicalism is ultimately contained by a pervasive disciplinary and admonitory ideology: the roles that Edward and Isabella ultimately select deviate too markedly from societys authorized subject positions, and so they must be sacrificed as scapegoats of their inflexible culture. (qtd. in stymeist, 238) All in all, in the early-modern period, men were stereotypically perceived as being the head of the family, to provide for them, and they were expected to act according to reason. Women were stereotypically perceived as being prone to emotional outbursts and acting out of desire and passion. These feminine qualities, however, can also be seen in Christopher Marlowes play Edward the Second in the male character of King Edward II. He is unable to rule his country because he is unable to control his personal feelings, causing a rebellion among his peers because he does not listen to them with regard to his personal favourite Gaveston. Edwards political inabilities are inextricably connected with his sexuality -ambivalently portrayed by Marlowe- and his inability to govern himself for the sake of his country results to his death. In addition, his wife, after emotional and sexual neglect by Edward II, undergoes a radical transformation in the play, from being a humble, obedient, and rejec ted wife to being described as a warrior queen whose emotional distress and political ambition causes her downfall, restoring the order with Edward III on the throne.

Telecommunication :: Communication Technology Media Essays

Telecommunication Abstract What is telecommunication? Although a considerable number of studies have been actually conducted on telecommunication, I have never had academic opportunity to examine what it is. While the word ?etelecommunication?f has been brought to public attention, how many of us can exactly define it? How many of us can explain it in cultural context as well as in technological context? In my opinion, the word ?etelecommunication?f seems to be going forward itself so that our consciousness cannot catch up with it. As a new graduate student of the department of telecommunication, I hope to comprehensively understand what telecommunication is, and organize present issues systematically through this article. According to the requirement, this article consists of the following: areas and issues in telecommunication; key questions that telecommunication tries to answer; methods for studying, researching, and creating in telecommunication; and my learning and career goals for my telecommunication M A. What is telecommunication? In order to answer a kind of vague question such as what telecommunication is, I would like to focus on the areas in telecommunication in the beginning. Carne (1995) proposed the following: Telecommunication means communication from afar; it is the action of communicating-at-distance. In the broadest sense, it can include several ways of communicating (letters, telegraphs, telephone, etc); however, it is customary to associate it only with electronic communication systems such as telephone, data communication, radio, and television. (p.5) From this viewpoint, one may say that telecommunication is literally one of the ways of communication to receive or send massages. The question I have to ask here is what communication is. We unconsciously use the word ?ecommunication?f in a daily life. Then, how can we define communication, whose categories seem to range widely? In 1985 Charp and Hines described communication as the method by which we exchange sounds, signals, pictures and languages between people and places (p.13). From this definition, I realize that discussion in a class, conversation with someone by phone, writing a letter, reading a newspaper, and watching television are all grouped into the same category named communication because we exchange something with somebody by them. The question is what differentiates one communication from the other at more detailed categories. The first thing I notice is that the way of communication is different from each other: in some cases, communication from one to many or many to many, in the others, however, communication in person. In addition, it seems to depend on whether it is mediated or not.